Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar) resulting from the body’s inability to produce or effectively use the hormone insulin.
There are two primary types of diabetes:
- Type 1 Diabetes:
- An autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
- People with type 1 diabetes cannot produce insulin and require daily insulin injections or an insulin pump to regulate their blood sugar levels.
- It typically develops in childhood or adolescence, but it can occur at any age.
- Type 2 Diabetes:
- The most common form of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of cases.
- Occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough insulin to meet its needs.
- Often develops in adulthood and is strongly linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet.
Both types of diabetes can lead to serious complications if left untreated, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, and vision problems.
The main symptoms of diabetes include:
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Increased hunger
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
Diabetes is managed through a combination of lifestyle changes (diet and exercise), medications (including insulin for type 1 and sometimes type 2), and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels.
While type 1 diabetes is not preventable, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes can be reduced by maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and following a balanced diet.