Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body can no longer produce insulin, which is a hormone necessary for regulating blood sugar levels.
Here are some key points about type 1 diabetes:
1. Causes: Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that trigger the autoimmune response against the beta cells. However, the exact causes are not fully understood.
2. Onset: Type 1 diabetes usually develops in childhood or adolescence, but it can occur at any age.
3. Insulin dependence: People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin injections or use an insulin pump to regulate their blood sugar levels because their bodies cannot produce insulin on their own.
4. Symptoms: Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision.
5. Management: Managing type 1 diabetes involves daily monitoring of blood sugar levels, administering insulin through injections or a pump, following a balanced diet, and regular exercise.
6. Complications: Uncontrolled blood sugar levels can lead to serious complications, such as diabetic ketoacidosis (a life-threatening condition), nerve damage (neuropathy), kidney damage (nephropathy), eye damage (retinopathy), and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Unlike type 2 diabetes, which is often associated with lifestyle factors, type 1 diabetes is not preventable or reversible. However, with proper management through insulin therapy, diet, exercise, and monitoring, people with type 1 diabetes can lead healthy, active lives and reduce the risk of complications.