Metformin is a medication primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It belongs to the class of medications called biguanides. Here are some key points about metformin:
- Mechanism of action: Metformin helps lower blood sugar levels by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver (gluconeogenesis) and increasing the sensitivity of body tissues to insulin, allowing them to better utilize glucose from the bloodstream.
- Uses: Metformin is typically prescribed as a first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other diabetes medications. It helps control high blood sugar levels and reduces the risk of diabetes-related complications.
- Administration: Metformin is available in immediate-release and extended-release formulations and is taken orally, usually with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
- Side effects: Common side effects of metformin include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and a metallic taste in the mouth. These side effects are usually mild and may subside over time as the body adjusts to the medication.
- Contraindications: Metformin should be used with caution in individuals with kidney or liver impairment, as it is primarily eliminated through the kidneys.
- Other benefits: In addition to its blood sugar-lowering effects, metformin may have other potential benefits, such as promoting modest weight loss, improving lipid profiles, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in people with type 2 diabetes.
Metformin is generally well-tolerated and has a relatively low risk of causing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) when used alone. It is an affordable and effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes and is often recommended as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and regular exercise.